Tuesday, April 2, 2013

Essay, A Global History of the Pre-Dawn of Architecture


Arch 3210 Survey of World Architecture 1                                                               Michael Rybin
Professor: Shundana Yusaf                                                                                        Fall 2012
Monday 10 Sept 2012

 

A Global History of the Pre-Dawn of Architecture

From the beginning of time or the period of enlightenment, humans have lived on the earth.  This time is also known as the age of certainty or the age of reason versus belief.  Around the eighteenth century, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant wrote about the period of enlightenment with ideas like every man is capable of reason so common man should challenge intellectual ideas of speculation that are not based on experience.   

            Around or between the renaissance and baroque periods, Swiss art critic Heinrich Wolfflin wrote three very influential books that continue to be used by architects today, the Renaissance und Barock (1888), Die Klassische Kunst (1898, "Classic Art"), and Kunstgeschichtliche Grundbegriffe (1915, "Principles of Art History").  Heinrich capture the zeitgeist or culture and time by looking at form and appearance and geometry in art paintings to produce empathy with prior civilizations and architecture. 

How do local historians imagine the world of architecture historically?  How do they read buildings around the world, both past and present? 

            Many scientist and people believe human evolution began with pre-human primates followed by Homo Erectus in Africa from 150,000 BP who walk on two feet, had fire, and stone tools, but no language or ability to speak or communicate because we have no recorded evidence like pictures or books on stone or metal, or other materials.  Perhaps Homo erectus people had communication and prodigious intelligence or photographic memories of knowledge they passed from father and mother to children and neighbors which required no dependences on recording devices like books or Google. 
 
Home erectus: range ca. 150,000 BP

Later Home Sapiens are a different species believed by some scientist to have unique genes, language, tools, and ochre, symbolic expression through geometrical drawings and etchings.  The original meaning of these and other archaeological findings like necklaces and dwellings are unknown but  interpreted as a more intelligent civilization with language, kingship, abstract thinking, and ritual practices including status, marriage, and hunting and dance ceremony and organized architecture.  In addition, it is believe these people had an understanding about the relationship between nature and man, animals and humans and the dead and living.  Some of these interpretations are based on the lives of people living in Africa today. 

          Cave drawings in Africa from 25,000 BC help us learn about the first plan city that seemed to be dominated or synchronized with nature and hunting and agriculture near rivers.  Historically oral storytellers shared or transferred their ideas about life and experience. What did one culture know about past cultures was sometimes lost in translation. 
 


Chauvet Cave Drawings 30,000 BCE


The modern city with the latest technology is based on previous knowledge and solves prior problems of function and representation.  In the last twenty years, the global approach or conscience of architecture has evolved from a connection of many ideas around the world.  Economics, trade, tools, philosophy, travel instantaneously bridged what one builder knows about architecture in a faraway country with another engineer on the other side of the world. 


      Buildings have also evolved from basic shelters to encompass commerce, culture, landmarks, symbolic and religion.  Specific buildings have connections to past civilizations are now used as tourist sites which is completely different from their originally intended function.  Knowledge of precedence and presence, multi-cultured universal values including common rights from all cultures drives us forward while looking at the past in our rear-view mirror. 


 

References

  • Personal notes taken from Professor Shundana Yusaf lecture-one August 20, and lecture-two Aug 22, 2012. 
  • Photos from professor’s Shundana Yusaf lecture slides.  

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Michael Rybin~۩~
Architecture is a wonderful life
Copyright© 2013 Michael Rybin All Rights Reserved.


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