Friday, August 17, 2012

CNC Wood Project Portfolio


 CNC Wood 
Project Portfolio


Digital Fabrication
Design 5370
Course Professor: Keith Findling
School Of Architecture
University of Utah
Summer 2012



Created by

Michael Rybin


Michael-Rybin-logo-Rubiks-Cube-drawing-small.jpg
Copyright © 2012, Michael Rybin.  All rights reserved.  



Internet research of both CNC Wood and Laser Metal projects included previewing many websites and saving over 1,000 pictures shown above in Windows File Properties



P1100190-CNC-Routing-Project-Brainstorm-chess-table-base-ideas-Journal.JPG
CNC wood project
Brainstorm of alternative chess table base ideas 



P1100095-CNC-wood-project-Prototype-different-joints.JPG
 CNC wood project
Prototype different joints including an example of one hole inside a dovetail joint to see how light would diffuse from inside a closed table base



P1100102-CNC-wood-project-Foam-prototype-different-table-base-design-patterns.JPG
CNC wood project
Prototype different table base design patterns using foam blocks that simultaneously imitate the squares of a chess table top




 IMG_6925-CNC-wood-project-Laser cut multiple MDF layers-01.JPG
P1100113-CNC-wood-project-Laser cut multiple MDF layers-02.JPG
CNC wood project
Laser cut multiple ¼” MDF layers to imitate and verify the design of cnc routing pattern and light penetration




 P1100191-CNC-Routing-Project-Brainstorm-9- alternatives-Journal02.JPG
P1100205-CNC-Routing-Project-Brainstorm-9- alternatives-Journal03.JPG.JPG
CNC wood project
Brainstorm of 9 alternative chess table base ideas because joint with crack or hole for light was disqualified because 2D vertical router requirement 




IMG_6917-CNC-Wood-Project-New-design-simultaneously-bend-wood-in-opposite-directions.JPG
P1100108-CNC-Wood-Project-New-design-simultaneously-bend-wood-in-opposite-directions02.JPG
P1100109-CNC-Wood-Project-New-design-simultaneously-bend-wood-in-opposite-directions03.JPG
CNC wood project
New design that meets program requirements to advance CNC manufacturer process.  Paper and cardboard prototypes to imitate bending of flat wood simultaneously in opposite directions 




P1100041CNC-Wood-Project-Laser-kerf-cut-halfway-through-MDF-failed-to-bend.JPG
CNC wood project
Laser kerf-cut halfway through MDF failed to help the wood bend



P1100107-CNC-Wood-Project-Laser-full-cut-MDF-different-patterns-verify-bendability01.JPG
P1100107-CNC-Wood-Project-Laser-table-saw-plywood-verify-bendability02 .JPG
P1100042-CNC-Wood-Project-table-saw-plywood-verify-bendability03 .JPG
P1100106-CNC-Wood-Project-Laser-full-cut-MDF-showing-bendability04.JPG

CNC wood project
          Laser full-cut and table saw kerf-cut MDF and plywood with different patterns to verify the bendability of wood before CNC routing 




P1100039-CNC-Wood-Project-Laser-cut-MDF-full-pattern-verified-bending-in-opposites-directions.JPG
 CNC wood project
Laser cut ¼” MDF full pattern prototype.  This verified design concept of bending wood simultaneously in opposites directions




P1100210-CNC-Wood-Project-One-CNC-manufacturer-said-router-vibration-would-chew-up-design.JPG
P1100212-CNC-Wood-Project-One-CNC-manufacturer-said-router-vibration-would-chew-up-design02.JPG
CNC wood project
One CNC manufacturer said the router vibration would chew up the thin wood fingers. I pushed the CNC process by gathering different manufacturers opinions and found CNC Routing Service doug@cncroutingservice.net (801-885-8373) was confident it would work 
... as you can see below they did a fantastic job, competitive price and fast service. 





P1100121-CNC-Wood-Project-Final-design-pattern-view-1-of-3.JPG
CNC wood project
Final CNC design pattern with ¼ thick Baltic birch, 3’10” square by 23” tall 
view 1 of 3 



P1100124-CNC-Wood-Project-Final-design-pattern-view-2-of-3.JPG
CNC wood project
Final CNC design pattern with ¼ thick Baltic birch, 3’10” square by 23” tall 
view 2 of 3 



P1100151-CNC-Wood-Project-Final-design-pattern-view-3-of-3.JPG
CNC wood project
Final CNC design pattern with ¼ thick Baltic birch, 3’10” square by 23” tall 
view 3 of 3 

Let me know what you think.

Thank you,
Michael Rybin~۩~
Architecture is a wonderful life

Laser Metal Project Portfolio


 Laser Metal 
Project Portfolio



Digital Fabrication
Design 5370
Course Professor: Keith Findling
School Of Architecture
University of Utah
Summer 2012



Created by

Michael Rybin


Michael-Rybin-logo-Rubiks-Cube-drawing-small.jpg
Copyright © 2012, Michael Rybin.  All rights reserved.  



Design-5370-Internet-Research.JPG

Internet research of both CNC Wood and Laser Metal projects included previewing many websites and saving over 1,000 pictures shown above in Windows File Properties




Laser Metal project
Brainstorm of alternative themes for the 6 primary chess pieces 



P1100189-Laser-Metal-project-Basic-sketches-chess-pieces-Journal02.JPG
Laser Metal project
Basic sketch ideas of the 6 primary chess pieces 


P1100097-Laser-Metal-project-Paper-design-prototypes.JPG
Laser Metal project
Paper design prototypes to imitating the 6 primary chess pieces: King, Queen, Bishop, Knight, Rook, and Pawn



P1100213-Laser-Metal-Project-Between-the-folds-Design-focus.JPG
Laser Metal project
Watched a wonderful movie “Between the folds”.  Professor recommended focusing on one chess piece because of the short timeline



P1100100-Laser-Metal-Project-Pilot-tests-laser-cutting-and-folding.JPG
Laser Metal project
Pilot tests laser cutting and folding using matboard, imitating metal.  More
than 12 tests including different size holes and different hole patterns  






P1100096-Laser-Metal-Project-Effects-of-bending-24-guage-scrap-metal-with-holes-and-slit.JPG

Laser Metal project
Effects of bending 24 guage scrap metal without holes, with holes, and with a slit




P1100101-Laser-Metal-Project-adding-one-inside-flap-and-several-top-tabs.JPG
Laser Metal project
Laser cut matboard prototypes, adding one inside flap and several top tabs to secure final shape after folding metal.  Also tested new pattern of holes with slits vs just holes 




P1100201-Laser-Metal-Project-final-view-1of3.JPG

Laser Metal project
Final pattern using 24 guage metal, 3” triangle base by 5” tall - view 1 of 3.
18 folds and 6 curls total.  Metal folds in 4 completely different directions 



P1100203-Laser-Metal-Project-final-view-2of3.JPG

Laser Metal project
Final pattern using 24 guage metal, 3” triangle base by 5” tall - view 2 of 3.
18 folds and 6 curls total.  Metal folds in 4 completely different directions 




P1100195-Laser-Metal-Project-final-view-3of3.JPG
Laser Metal project
Final pattern using 24 guage metal, 3” triangle base by 5” tall - view 3 of 3.
18 folds and 6 curls total.  Metal folds in 4 completely different directions

Chess table (not displayed) includes a small hole in each square with lights that illuminate up through the holes in the metal chess pieces




Let me know what you think.

Thank you,
Michael Rybin~۩~
Architecture is a wonderful life

Wednesday, August 15, 2012

Stock Markets Efficiency

“What problems they argue mainstream economics has?” based on
“Financial Instability (2001) by Steve Keen
Ch 11. Finance and Economic Breakdown" in 'Debunking Economics'
Why stock markets crash.”

By Michael Rybin
University of Utah, ECON 2020 (Macroeconomics)
Professor Do Youn Won
v04, August 1, 2012

Today we have laws or legal protections to prevent a stock markets crash.  Nevertheless, we lose millions and billions of dollars when the stock market dips or falls and companies like Enron or banks like Lehman Brothers fails.  This year some more economists predicted the worst stock markets crash is yet to come because of the huge 16 trillion dollar United States government debt and reckless government economic policies.  Some people believe the financial stock markets are simply not efficient or stable regardless of government economic intervention and policy.  Steve Keen attempts to answer why stock markets crash by explaining the inherent instability of stock markets, fractal markets hypothesis, inefficient markets hypothesis, and financial instability hypothesis.  He proposes that “open-ended shares be replaced by time-limited voting bonds in order to institutionally limit the degree of stock price instability”. 

Although people lose money in stock markets and all of the hypotheses seem to have valid points in their own context, time-limited voting bonds would not generate sufficient revenue to completely replace the revenue generated in trading open-ended stock shares.  None of the hypotheses presented by Steve included any arguments or evidence to solve the individual problem they themselves presented, let alone reduce the risk of crashing the stock market. 

It probably goes without saying that people do lose money trading stocks and financial markets have and will continue to crash or fail.  Even people who do not trade stocks lose money because some are subject to corporate retirement funds dictated by their company benefit programs --- and when companies fails, sometimes people lose all of their retirement and pension.  Unfortunately that is the plain truth.  No further evidence is needed beyond our own life history and experience or that of our grandparents who lived through the Great Depression in the United States, and with all due respect, to say nothing about similar events in other countries.  At the same time people have earned a lot of money from stock markets. 

Although people lose money trading stock and financial markets have crashed, time-limited voting bonds would not generate sufficient revenue to completely replace the revenue generated in trading open-ended stock shares.  An analogy may serve to provide an objective and fair comparison between time-limited voting bonds and the revenue generated in trading open-ended stock shares.  Included with the freedom and benefits of owning and driving an automobile is the risk of crashing in a terrible automobile accident.  To remove the risk of crashing along with potential disability or death, Steve Keen is proposing that we eliminate all automobiles and replace them with the existing public transportation systems.  It could be done, but currently there are not enough buses, trains, commuter rail cars, taxies, or airplanes necessary to meet everyone’s individual or collective transportation needs. 

This efficient market hypothesis “says that the stock market’s volatility is due to the random arrival of new information that affects the equilibrium value of shares.”  Initially, it does not sound like an “efficient” or responsible market system --- meaning, blaming the stock market’s instability and potential danger or risk on the news.  With today’s constant news and speed of reporting new information flowing through multiple avenues of technology and media, all around the world, seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day that seems like a very poor excuse.  However, what we can understand regardless of the peculiarity of the definition is that the stock market is volatile and not efficient.  Furthermore, replacing open-ended stock shares with time-limited voting bonds does not address the impact of news to the stock markets or bond markets and the volatility cited in the efficient market hypothesis.  Perhaps a more logical theory would be to consider limiting the news. 

The first reason why stock market’s crash is because of the fractal markets hypothesis --- defined as “highly unstable dynamic systems that generate stock prices which appear random, but behind which lie deterministic patterns”.  Let us use the Encarta Dictionary to analyze the definition of this hypothesis.  A highly unstable system [likely to fail or collapse] that generates stock prices which appear [seem likely] random but behind which lie deterministic [having an outcome that can be predicted because all of its causes are either known or the same as those of previous event] patterns.  In other words, a system that is likely to fail with seemingly random prices, but behind which have an outcome that can be predicted because all of causes to prices are either known or the same as those of previous event.  That definition seems insane.  How can the stock market and prices be likely to fail and simultaneously include patterns that are predictable when prices are known?  That is incomprehensible. 

Regardless, how does replacing open-ended stock shares with time-limited voting bonds resolve the instability of the fractal markets hypothesis --- or even for bond markets and bond prices?  It simply does not begin to address any related solution. 

The second rational of why stock markets crash is “inefficient markets hypothesis” where the stock market system overreacts to good and bad news leading to excessive price “volatility which inhibits the performance of the real economy”.  This is the best definition and reasoning yet.  We can only speculate as to how the proposal of replacing open-ended stock shares with time-limited voting bonds may provide a solution to this hypothesis.  Ok, it was not intended to, but what about good and bad news leading to excessive price volatility in bond markets?  No examples in the proposal provide a clear understand how it would solve the concerns of this hypothesis. 

The third assumption why stock markets crash is the financial instability hypothesis citing “speculative vehicles existing in an uncertain environment, whose reactions to uncertainty over time generate financial cycles which drive the real economy into speculative booms and debt-driven busts.  Ouch, what an unnecessarily painful and complex or useless definition!  Again, replacing open-ended stock shares with time-limited voting bonds in a speculative vehicle with an uncertain environment does not seem to address the root cause of this hypothesis. 

Nevertheless, all three non-equilibrium theories or hypotheses’ of finance have valid arguments within their own context that stock markets and capitalism face catastrophic financial and economic breakdowns.  However the proposal to manage or solve these problems by government policy replacing open-ended stock shares with time-limited voting bonds seems to hack at the leaves of the issue instead of the roots.  As Thoreau said, "For every thousand hacking at the leaves of evil, there is one striking at the root”.   

You can see that even though people lose money in stock markets and all of the hypotheses seem to have valid points in their own context, time-limited voting bonds would not be a good solution to protect the stock markets from crashing for two main reasons.  First, it would not generate sufficient revenue to completely replace the revenue generated in trading open-ended stock shares.  Most importantly, none of the hypotheses presented by Steve included any arguments or evidence to solve the individual problem they themselves presented, let alone reduce the risk of crashing the stock market.  At the same time, it would be good to reconsider solutions to the individual hypotheses relative to protecting the stock markets from instability or crashing. 

Copyright © 2012 Michael Rybin All Rights Reserved.

Tuesday, August 14, 2012

The Reality of Economic Rationality

“What problems they argue mainstream economics has?” based on
“Neoclassical Economic Theory: a Special and Not a General Case” by Paul Ormerod

By Michael Rybin
University of Utah, ECON 2010 (Microeconomics)
Professor Do Youn Won
v03, August 1, 2012

We must ask, has the best Nobel Prize winning economic theory proved to benefit our nation’s economy or the world’s economy?  To answer these questions, all we have to do is look at a relatively short period in human history including about 100 years, from 1910 to 2012.  During this period we see the catastrophic crisis of the Great Depression in the United States with recessions including high unemployment, failing banks and businesses plus hunger and fear.  At the same time we recognize through all these difficulties that the standard of living has increased with prosperity and improvement to basic human health, and general wellbeing.  However, today’s picture of economic wealth is not objectively complete without the painful acknowledgement that many people continue to suffer from lack of the basic necessities like clean drinking water, food, housing, freedom, employment, and medical care.  Half of the answer to the benefits and results of putting into practice our best economic theory looks very good, while the other half of the results are terrible.  It is a shame that people, individually or collectively, cannot stand up and take responsibility for the honest reality, both the good and the bad.  Most economists would not claim the current economic crisis is the result and understanding or implementation of their award winning economic theory.  Simultaneously we wholeheartedly acknowledge that the nation’s economy is more complex than any single economic theory, government leader, political party, or government economic policy. 

Even though economics has several great strengths including the theory of incentives, the skill of analytical thinking, insights into how the economic and social world actually operates, and the ability to find answers to particular questions, the problems of mainstream economic theory consist of approximations to reality, restrictive assumptions of tastes and preferences, rational maximisers, and the prideful or dogmatic claim of economic achievements. 

Of the strengths, “by far the most important idea in economics is that agents respond to incentives to prices”.  The strengths of economics also include the academic skill of analytical thinking.  It also helps people learn to distinguish important insights into how the economic and social world actually operates.  Perhaps its most important strength is the ability to find answers to particular questions versus creating a new generic economic theory.  This is particularly evident by the work of George Akerlof and Joe Stiglitz as cited by Paul Ormerod’s work Neoclassical Economic Theory: a Special and Not a General Case.  Further evidence comes from the insightful work of American economist and professor of economics at Harvard University professor Roland G. Fryer, and the more recently published book Freakonomics by University of Chicago economist Steven Levitt and New York Times journalist Stephen J. Dubner. 

Even though economics as an academic and professional discipline has several strengths it also has a few problems.  The first problem, Paul Ormerod argues, is that economic theories are approximations to reality.  “Even the most rigorously tested theories in physics are not absolutely and complete true.  Sooner or later, someone will develop a theory which explains reality just that little bit better.”  Paul goes on to point out the value of neoclassical economic theory has strengths.  However the bottom line to any economic theory should be based on its useful practice.  As mentioned above, history is evidence enough to tell the whole truth regardless of individual opinions or interpretations. 

First “the single most restrictive assumption of conventional economics is that the tastes and preferences of individual agents – whether people or firms – are fixed”.  This includes an oversimplification in conventional economic theory dictating that people want to purchase products simply because other people do.  In some circumstances this is true.  The real world is more complex with greater intrinsic implications where individuals have the capacity to make different decisions despite the influences of their social predicates or neighbors and friends.  People maintain the ability to make judgments and choices with uncertainty, which makes some traditional rock-solid, number-crunching, and Nobel-prize-winning economic theories weak. 

Second, there is a “widespread assumption in economic theory that agents are rational maximisers”.  The theory of “general equilibrium breaks down completely in the face of limits on the ability of agents to compute optimal strategies” because it assumes agents have all information relative to potential alternative and future consequences.  Where “tastes and preferences can vary according to the actions of others, there is no point at all in looking for optimal rules of behavior”.  For example the high volatility of markets is complex and difficult to explain let alone understand the implications of interactions and behavior between people.  Kirman’s model shows that the behavior of individuals follow very simple rules which in the aggregate are evidence to complex world financial markets. 

The third and final problem of economic theory is embedded in a long history of academic pride, culture, and tradition.  “The teaching of economics has become too dogmatic, and too much a claimed for the achievements of the discipline.”  Compared to engineering and building a bridge, economic textbooks present many economic problems as if they have “been solved and students simply need to absorb a settled body of knowledge.”  Most college economics courses are “fixated on the old-fashioned theory based on rational maximization which as John Sutton notes, many students simply disbelieve”.  This is evident because of the sharp drop in college students choosing economics as their major and career. 

The problems with mainstream economics are deeply rooted in the academic and socioeconomic or cultural belief of strict economic theory together with the almost religious fanaticism that their theory is the answer to most if not all economic problems.  History shows that government intervention of economic policy did not prevent or stop the Great Depression.  Recent history shows the conflicts between leading economists who argue in their own defense about the cause and effect or correlation and causality of Enron or Lehman Brothers failures.  Some would say the economist and leaders of the Great Depression or these companies were not blindly ignoring the fiscal reality, but honestly knew the financial implications and consequences.  They create and teach the economic theory!  From the movie Freakonomics, “what keeps us from seeing corruptions are our illusions that our economy is rational system, a free market open to all.  The fact is that rigging markets and [Sumo] matches is good business if the rigging is hidden from all but a few”. 

So you can see that economics has several great strengths including the theory of incentives, the skill of analytical thinking, insights into how the economic and social world actually operates, and the ability to find answers to particular questions versus creating a new generic economic theory.  Also, mainstream economic theory consists of several problems including approximations to reality, restrictive assumptions of tastes and preferences, rational maximisers, and prideful or dogmatic claim of economic achievements.  In spite of the above cited problems and many critics, Paul Ormerod says “the discipline of economics is in the process of re-inventing itself”.  This new exciting and creates genuine hope! 

Copyright© 2012 Michael Rybin All Rights Reserved.